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The splitting of the moon ((アラビア語:انشقاق القمر)) was a miracle attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad,〔"Muhammad." Encyclopædia Britannica in Islamic mythology. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online, p.13〕 derived from the Qur'anic verses , and mentioned by Muslim traditions such as the Asbab al-nuzul (context of revelation). Most Muslim commentators interpret the event as a literal split in the moon, while some others identify it as an event that will happen at judgement day or an optical illusion. Early traditions supporting a literal interpretation are transmitted on the authority of companions of Muhammad such as Ibn Abbas, Anas bin Malik, Abdullah bin Masud and others.〔〔"According to al-Tabari, all the expositors (ahl al-ta'wil) agree on essentially this same account for the occasion for the revelation of these verses." cf. Thomas E. Burman, Religious Polemic and the Intellectual History of the Mozarabs, C.1050-1200, p.150〕 According to the Indian Muslim scholar Abdullah Yusuf Ali, the moon will split again when the day of judgment approaches. He says that the verses may also have an allegorical meaning, i.e. the matter has become clear as the moon.〔 The Qur'anic verses was part of the debate between medieval Muslim theologians and Muslim philosophers over the issue of the inviolability of heavenly bodies. In 2010 a NASA Lunar Science Institute (NLSI) staff scientist, named Brad Bailey, said "No current scientific evidence reports that the Moon was split into two (or more) parts and then reassembled at any point in the past."〔 The narrative was used by some later Muslims to convince others of the prophethood of Muhammad.〔Annemarie Schimmel, And Muhammad Is His Messenger: The Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety, University of North Carolina Press, 1985, p.69–70〕 It has also inspired many Muslim poets, especially in India.〔 == The Qur'an and Islamic tradition == Verses of the Qur'an reads:
Early traditions and stories explain this verses as a miracle performed by Muhammad, following requests of some members of the Quraysh.〔See for example, Bukhari (5:28:208-211), Bukhari (4:56:830-832), Bukhari (6:60:345), Bukhari (6:60:349f.), Bukhari (6:60:387-391), Muslim (39:6721), Muslim (39:6724-6726), Muslim (39:6728-6730)〕〔 Most Muslim commentators accept the authenticity of those traditions. The following verse 54:2, "But if they see a Sign, they turn away, and say, 'This is (but) transient magic'" is taken in the support of this view.〔 The classical commentator Ibn Kathir provides a list of the early traditions mentioning the incident: A tradition transmitted on the authority of Anas bin Malik states that Muhammad split the moon after the pagan Meccans asked for a miracle. Another tradition from Malik transmitted through other chains of narrations, mentions that the mount Nur was visible between the two parts of the moon (Mount Nur is located in Hijaz. Muslims believe that Muhammad received his first revelations from God in a cave on this mountain, Cave Hira'). A tradition narrated on the authority of Jubayr ibn Mut'im with a single chain of transmission says that the two parts of the moon stood on two mountains. This tradition further states that the Meccan responded by saying "Muhammad has taken us by his magic...If he was able to take us by magic, he will not be able to do so with all people." Traditions transmitted on the authority of Ibn Abbas briefly mention the incident and do not provide much details.〔Ibn Kathir, ''Tafsir ibn Kathir'', Sura Qamar, verses 54:1-2〕 Traditions transmitted on the authority of Abdullah bin Masud describe the incident as follows:〔〔Sahih Muslim, ''The Book Giving Description of the Day of Judgement, Paradise and Hell'', Book 039, Number 6725〕 We were along with God's Messenger at Mina, that moon was split up into two. One of its parts was behind the mountain and the other one was on this side of the mountain. God's Messenger said to us: Bear witness to this The narrative was used by some later Muslims to convince others of the prophethood of Muhammad. Annemarie Schimmel for example quotes the following from Muslim scholar Qadi Iyad who lived in Ceuta in Spain:〔 It has not been said of any people on the earth that the moon was observed that night such that it could be stated that it was ''not'' split. Even if this had been reported from many different places, so that one would have to exclude the possibility that all agreed upon a lie, yet, we would not accept this as proof to the contrary, for the moon is not seen in the same way by different people... An eclipse is visible in one country but not in the other one; in one place it is total, in the other one only partial. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「splitting of the moon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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